Chronic Total Occlusion Interventions: Challenges and Breakthroughs
Chronic total occlusions (CTOs) represent one of the most complex challenges in interventional cardiology. These complete blockages, present for more than three months, require specialized techniques for successful treatment. Historically, many CTOs were left untreated due to high difficulty.
Modern CTO interventions use advanced guidewires, microcatheters, and crossing strategies such as the retrograde approach. Dedicated devices and improved imaging allow operators to navigate long-standing occlusions with higher success rates.
CTO treatment not only restores blood flow but also improves symptoms, exercise tolerance, and quality of life. Continued technological advancements will likely expand the number of patients eligible for CTO procedures.